LET'S LOOK AT THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD HYGIENE:
Asclepius, the god of the health of antiquity, has four daughters. These have duties in the field of health
Aglaea: Natural Beauty
Meditrina: Longevity, health, and wine
Hygieia: Cleaning and disease prevention
Aceso, Panacea and Iaso are goddesses representing the healing process.
The most important of these goddesses is Hygieia. We see him the most with his father. While Asclepius heals the patients, it protects the patient from other diseases and keeps them clean. Hygiea is sometimes seen serving a drink to a snake hanging from its neck. Hygeia is often the person who prevents diseases and is often shown with her father, the healer Asklepios. This indicates that the Greeks regard the prevention of diseases as important as their treatment. The reason is quite simple: at that time, not losing physical and psychological health was more important, as it was much more difficult to regain health after losing it than today. The word Hygiene has been derived from Hygia and our language has started to be used gradually: Here Hygia is the goddess of preventive medicine that we encounter for the first time in history. While it is symbolized in art history, the snake in one hand is usually holding a bowl in the other. It is thought that this bowl contains oil, honey, and wheat. These snake and bowl figures have combined to become a symbol of pharmacy. Famous painters such as Peter Paul Rubens and Gustav Klimt also painted this goddess. Since it is a symbol of cleanliness, we often encounter pictures and reliefs of this goddess in Roman and Ancient Greek Baths.
DID YOU KNOW WHERE THE WORD MUSEUM IS DERIVED FROM?
As the origin; It comes from Mouseion in Greek mythology. In Greek mythology, Mouseion means the place where the museums live, which is dedicated to the museums. In ancient Greece, this term means a place such as a temple, mountain, country, garden or festival, festival, book, etc. used in things. Muses (muses) are fairies of inspiration. They are the daughters of the Chief God Zeus and the memory Goddess Mnemosyne. These are 9 brothers who live in Helikan Mountain. Each represents, protects, and inspires a different creative endeavor. These fairies are said to have inspired the temples from the Hellenic Mountain with a horse called Pegasus. The muses are; 1-Calliope (epic poetry), 2-Kelio (history), 3-Polhmnia (harmony and divine arts), 4-Euterpe (lyrical poetry), 5-Terpsikhore (music and dance), 6-Ersto, 7-Melpomene (tragedy), 8-Thalia (comedy), 9-Urania (astronomy).
Mousa; It derives from the root 'men', which includes the Greek concept of mind, though, creative power. The dictionary meaning of the museum means 'bringing together' and the word 'Mouseion' in Greek has been passed as 'Museum' in Latin.
Museum in the dictionary of the Turkish Language Association; It is defined as the place or structure where art and science works or objects of art and science are kept and displayed for public display.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism describes the museum as follows. They are educational, scientific, and artistic institutions that identify historical artifacts, reveal to scientific methods, examine, evaluate, preserve, introduce, exhibit, and aim to raise the cultural level of the society by raising public awareness of historical artifacts through educational programs. Museums are among the prestigious works of the city where it is located.
RESOURCES
1-Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları (2015) Müzecilik ve Sergileme Yayın No :2958
2-https://everthinglibrariesandmuseums.blogspot.com/2018/05/muze-kelimesinin-kokeni.Erişim Tarihi :
03/10/2020
WHAT IS HYGIENE, WHAT IS ITS IMPORTANCE?
Every person is responsible for his own cleanliness. Cleaning practices, which are often taught by parents or teachers in childhood, should be done by the individual after childhood. For example; Washing hands after using the toilet and before touching food should be a habit. Bathing is another cleaning practice among daily tasks.It is not enough to clean only when there is visible contamination. For example; Washing the face after waking up from sleep, changing clothes, and daily cleaning practices.It is not possible to talk about cleaning without water and soap. In developed societies, water and soap are the most used materials for personal cleaning. In addition, bath sponges, washcloths, toothbrushes, brushes used for hand and foot cleaning and body cleaning, nail scissors are the first cleaning tools that come to mind. These are all personal cleaning tools that should not be shared with others.
Cleaning is the most important tool for protecting the health of others, especially one's own health. It is not only body cleaning, but also keeping everything used and every environment clean is a necessity. (prepared by Fatma Gürsoy's students )Practices to be made and all cleaning measures are taken to protect from environments that may harm health are defined as hygiene.
THE ANCIENT ORIGINS of MARATHON RUNNING
Practices to be made and all cleaning measures are taken to protect from environments that may harm health are defined as hygiene.
Every person is responsible for his own cleanliness. Cleaning practices, which are often taught by parents or teachers in childhood, should be done by the individual after childhood. For example; Washing hands after using the toilet and before touching food should be a habit. Bathing is another cleaning practice among daily tasks.
It is not enough to clean only when there is visible contamination. For example; Washing the face after waking up from sleep, changing clothes, and daily cleaning practices.
It is not possible to talk about cleaning without water and soap. In developed societies, water and soap are the most used materials for personal cleaning. In addition, bath sponges, washcloths, toothbrushes, brushes used for hand and foot cleaning and body cleaning, nail scissors are the first cleaning tools that come to mind. These are all personal cleaning tools that should not be shared with others.
Cleaning is the most important tool of protecting the health of others, especially one's own health. It is not only body cleaning, but also keeping everything used and every environment clean is a necessity.
While it was never a part of the Ancient Olympic Games, marathon running originated in Ancient Greek and the word Marathon is an Ancient Greek word for the fennel plant that grew in the area and gave its name to the battlefield. II. After the victory in the Battle of Marathon, the Greek city-states were not attacked for a long time and a deep calm prevailed in the Greek region. Thanks to the scientific, artistic, and cultural developments, Ancient Greek culture was born and developed.
Had the Greeks defeated the Persians in the battle of the marathon, Greek culture, art, and science would not have been developed and survived. For this reason, the victories of the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon are considered among the most important events in history.
Marathon Run was named after the Battle of Marathon. The event took place as follows: After the victory of the Athenian army in the land war between Athens and Persia, the Persian armies decided to attack from the sea this time and mobilized their navy. Reporter Pheidippides, who heard about the developments and wanted to report this to Athens, ran 40 km from the Marathon Plain to Athens and died after giving the news.
10 OLDEST CITIES IN THE WORLD
Most of the oldest cities in the world are located in the Middle
East, the Mediterranean region. Here are the 10 oldest cities in the world.
1)Damascus / Syria
the history of the city dates back to 8
thousand years before Christ. Damascus, one of the oldest cities in the world,
is one of the most strategically important cities at the crossroads of East and
West between Asia and Africa. Damascus has been the cultural, commercial, and
administrative capital of the region for centuries. It was frequented by local
and foreign tradesmen, merchants, and caravans. Damascus is a city that carries
the traces of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic civilizations with its
old architecture, narrow streets, green gardens, and white houses.
Ybiho Gülşen-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
2-
Athens/ Greece
Athens is the cradle of Western civilization with a population of approximately 4 million. The city, which dates back to 7 thousand years, contains hundreds of architectural works from the Byzantine and Romans and the Ottoman Empire, where it lived under its rule for centuries. Athens, the center of ancient Greek civilization, is a cosmopolitan and modern city. Among the most famous buildings in the city is the Acropolis, which is also used as a castle and a temple, and is 150 meters above sea level. Athens, an archaeological research center, is also a city of museums.
3- Biblos/
Lebanon
An ancient Phoenician port city located in
the north of Beirut. Scientists claim that the history of the city goes back
7,000 years. It is believed that the word "Bible" in English, which
is the holy book of Christians, is also named after this city. The city of
Biblos, which was once under the control of the Egyptian Pharaohs, was also the
commercial capital of the Phoenician region. The Biblos people also found the
alphabet that forms the basis of today's modern Latin alphabet. There are still
quite old buildings from ancient times in Biblos.
Ybiho Feyzanur-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
4-Jerusalem
/ Palestine
Jerusalem
is one of the oldest cities in the world, located in the Middle East. Jerusalem
with a population of approximately 1 million is a holy city for three heavenly
religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. With the effect of Israel's
expansionist policies, 60 percent of the population in the city consists of
Jews. During the reign of Prophet Solomon, the walls surrounding the city were
built. These walls surround the Old City, which is divided into 4 quarters:
Armenian, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim. The Old City (Old Jerusalem) entered
the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1981.
Ybiho Esma-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
5- Varanasi / India
Varanus, also known as Benares, is a city
in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which is considered very sacred for
Hindus. The city of Varanasi, located next to the Ganges river, has been
visited by Hindus for pilgrimage for over 2 thousand years. Religious Hindus
want their ashes to be thrown into the river here after they die. The history
of the city goes back to the 12th century before Christ. Nowadays, it stands
out as one of the centers of jewelry, perfume, sculpture, and handicrafts as
well as celebratory features.
Ybiho Esma-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
6- Cholula / Mexico
Cholula
means 'place of fight' in the Nahular language spoken by the Nahular in Mexico
and Salvador. The 2,500-year-old city of Cholula was the settlement of the
pre-Columbian people of Central America. The city, which was occupied by the
Spanish in later ages, started to shine from this period. The city was awarded
the title of "the most beautiful city outside of Spain". The Great
Pyramid in Cholula, a colonial city of 60 thousand people, is known as the
largest man-made monument.
Ybiho Gülşen-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
7- Jericho / Palestine
Archaeological excavations in Jericho,
located near the Jordan River in the West Bank, indicate that the city has 11
thousand years of history. The current population of Jericho is around 20,000.
The city of Jericho is mentioned as the City of Palm Trees in the holy books of
the Jews. Regarded as a part of Palestine in 1994, Jericho remained under
Ottoman rule between 1517 and 1918. Hisham Palace is among the famous
historical buildings of the city.
Ybiho Feyzanur-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
8-Aleppo / Syria
It is located at the center of the Silk Road connecting
Asia and the Mediterranean. According to archaeological findings, it is
estimated that the city has a history of 13 thousand years. In the Ottoman
Empire, after Bursa and Istanbul, Aleppo became the most important weaving
center. Again, after Istanbul, the second-largest trade center was in Aleppo.
Reflecting a classic example of Ottoman urbanism, Aleppo is a city of both
historical and strategic importance with its caravanserais, bath, bazaar,
mosque, and churches from the 13th to 14th century.
Ybiho Esma-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
9-Plovdiv / Bulgaria
Plovdiv, the second-largest city in
Bulgaria, named Macedonian King II. It takes from Filip. Findings obtained
during the Neolithic excavations shed light on the 4,000-year history of the
city. Throughout history, Plovdiv became a part of Bulgaria in 1885, which was
dominated by Thracians, Romans, Byzantium and the last Ottoman Empire. Plovdiv
is the country's economic, educational and cultural center. The city was
elected as the European Capital of Culture in 2019 with the election held on 5
September 2014.
Ybiho Azra-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
10-Luoyang / China
Luoyang city of Henan province is known as one of the oldest cities in Asia. Luyang is in the group of 7 historical capitals of China. No other city in China is home to this many dynasties and empires. 7 million people live in Luyang, which has a history of 4 thousand years. The caves along the river in the city were included in the list of World Cultural Heritage in 2000.
Ybiho Azra-Yıldırım Belediyesi İHO (Çiğdem KEMER)
( Prepared by Çiğdem KEMER's students, YBİHO-BURSA)
Resource: https://tr.euronews.com/2015/01/25/dunyanin-en-eski-10-sehri
THE ANCIENT ORIGINS of MARATHON RUNNING .
While it was never a part of the Ancient Olympic Games, marathon running originated in Ancient Greek and the word Marathon is an Ancient Greek word for the fennel plant that grew in the area and gave its name to the battlefield. II. After the victory in the Battle of Marathon, the Greek city-states were not attacked for a long time and a deep calm prevailed in the Greek region. Thanks to the scientific, artistic, and cultural developments, Ancient Greek culture was born and developed.
Had the Greeks defeated the Persians in the battle of the marathon, Greek culture, art, and science would not have been developed and survived. For this reason, the victories of the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon are considered among the most important events in history.
Marathon Run was named after the Battle of Marathon. The event took place as follows: After the victory of the Athenian army in the land war between Athens and Persia, the Persian armies decided to attack from the sea this time and mobilized their navy. Reporter Pheidippides, who heard about the developments and wanted to report this to Athens, ran 40 km from the Marathon Plain to Athens and died after giving the news.
Paul Tomzas' Student from Greece
CHRISTMAS CELEBRATION
The prophet in western languages. The word Christ, which is used
for Christ for Mesîh, comes from the Greek Christos (oiled). In the ancient
Israel religion, kings or kohen's appointed by God were blessed with their
heads anointed with oil and called Mashiach (oiled). Later, this word was used
for the king of the city, who was expected to be descended from King Dawud (see
MESÎH). In the Greco-Roman pagan culture, god statues oiled as an expression of
blessing and fertility were called Christos (blessed with oil). While the name
Christos, which is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word Mashiah, was
initially used for Jesus with the claim that it was the expected savior mystic
of the Jews, the figure of Jesus, which this word expresses, was transformed
into "the god of fertility blessed with oil".
(Furkan /İlkay ÖNEN DÜZGÜN/Celal Bayar Anatolian High School)
The mass, which forms
the second part of christ-mass, comes from the Latin equivalent of mizdin,
which derives from the Persian word Mazda. Mazda means "god" and mizd
means "dinner in the name of god". Persian origin Mithraism was one
of the religions that became common in a Roman pagan culture. In this religion,
it was believed that the sun god Mithra descended to the earth and wandered the
world with twelve apostles corresponding to the twelve symbols of the Zodiac
star cluster, eventually sacrificing himself for the sins of humanity. The
well-known festival of the Mithraists included the practice of killing a bull
and dedication to the god, drinking its blood, and eating its flesh. The
similarity between the Christian Sunday ritual and this festival of the
Mithraists is striking. Christ's naming Christmas, which refers to the birthday
celebration of the Messiah, has emerged as the etymologically Christianized
form of the terms used for the pagan rites.
Celebrated by Western Christianity on December 25,
Christmas's origin as a date and celebration is also attributed to the birthday
celebration (Natalis Solis invicti) of the sun god Mithra, adopted by ancient
Rome. This celebration became official when the Roman Emperor Aurelian declared
the sun god the protector of the empire in 274. Hz. Although the date of
January 6 was adopted by the Eastern Church for the celebration of Christ's
birth and baptism since the birthday of Jesus was not known exactly, the date
of December 25 was later put forward regarding St. Hippolytus (d. 236).
This date, IV. At the beginning of the century, the official birthday of Jesus
(nativities Domini) was declared after the Byzantine Emperor Constantine entered
Christianity. Some church fathers, such as John Chrystostom (d.407), later
prove, based on indirect references in the Bibles (Luke, 15-38), that John the
Baptist was born on June 24, and Jesus on December 25, six months later. they
worked. This date was transformed into a celebration of Christ's birthday by
Pope Liberius in 354 and passed to the East from here.
According to Christian theologians, the reason why pagan
festivals, which were not included in early Christianity, especially Christmas,
and were criticized by the later clergy due to the pagan entertainment
elements were transformed into Christian celebrations in that period to
protect Christianity against the Mithra belief of Indo-Iranian origin in Rome.
However, while many Eastern churches adopted the date of January 6 as Christ's
birthday, the Western churches continued today as Christ's baptism day
(Epiphany). Therefore, today Christmas is celebrated by Western Christians on
December 25 and combined with New Year's fun on January 1, based on the Julian
calendar. This period was celebrated for a week as a combination of the
birthday of the sun god Mithra and the winter solstice festival (Saturnalia),
which coincided with December 17-23, in the ancient Roman calendar, and was
transformed into the birthday celebration of Christ, identified with solar
symbolism by Western Christians. The beginning of the church year was accepted
on the fourth Sunday before Christmas. Although Jesus continued the tradition
of worshiping on Saturdays, the acceptance of Sunday (sun-day) as the day of
worship by Christians is actually due to the sun festival. As a matter of fact,
Tertullian, one of the church fathers, mentions this interaction (Ad Nationes,
III, 123).
PINE TREE
It is accepted that the pine tree, which is another basic
element of the celebration of Christmas, originated from the rite of the god
Attis in Greek and Roman pagan cultures. It is believed that Attis, the god of
fertility, was reincarnated in the pine tree, and accordingly the pine tree was
worshiped as a symbol of fertility. Another view is that the Christmas tree is
based on an old Scandinavian legend. According to this, Odin, one of the
Scandinavian gods turned into wisdom and knowledge by hanging themselves on a
pine tree called the tree of the universe after he created the world. In the
legend in question, Odin's self-sacrifice has been likened to Christ's
crucifixion by the Christians. According to another understanding, pine tree
and tree, candle, etc. lighting by hanging objects g The tradition originates
from the Yule festival in the ancient Aryan faith. It was believed that the
pine tree represented immortality, and the candles tied to the tree were lit to
repel evil spirits and witches. The Yule celebration, which falls on December
25, was a pagan celebration held on the shortest "day" of the year in
Scandinavian countries where the days are short. Accordingly, in addition to
the pine tree decoration, the candle tradition later passed to Christian
Europe and different lighting methods became a part of all kinds of
celebrations, especially Christmas. The small moon, sun, and star ornaments
hanging from the tree are also symbols of the Babylonian gods and reached
Christianity through Greek and Roman routes.
When Kasım, son of Cihangir, the ruler of Akkoyunlu, is appointed
to Mardin, a feverish activity begins to repair the city.
he built this multi-purpose madrasah that crowns this selfless success and is
able to survive to be made perfect until today. It is in the form of a complex
with a two-story madrasa, mosque, and tomb on two terraces.
The Kasımiye Madrasah, which has a 700 years history is decorated
with embroidery and corner smells pf knowledge and wisdom. Both religious and
scientific sciences were practiced there.
These two sciences have confronted each other. There are symbols of astronomy
and medical science on the walls of the madrasa. It is construction was started
in the time of Artukoğulları. It was completed by Sultan Kasım, son of the
Akkoyunlu ruler Cihangir. According to the rumors, Kasım Pasha was killed here.
Kasımiye Madrasah iwan according to rumor when Kasım Pasha's sister, Kasım
Pasha died, his bloody shirt was put on the walls of this iwan with laments and
when water was poured on those walls, the traces of blood on the wall were
still visible. It is said that the traces of blood on the walls belong to them.
Again, according to rumors, the water flowing in the pool in the
courtyard of the madrasa conceals a Sufi depiction. With the flow of water,
human life and its aftermath from birth to death is symbolized. The birth of
the water coming out of the fountain, the youth of the place where it spilled,
the maturity of the thin and long grooves and the gathering of the water in a
pool represent death. Later, this water is transferred to the soil through
channels and this water comes back to life from the soil.
KAYNAK :Mardin Life Dergisi 2016
Şeyma asml (Gülay Yazman)Atatürk Mtal
THE STORY OF A CUP OF COFFEE
The story is based on Bilge Yusuf from Üsküdar and the
Greek fisherman Stelyo. While the calendar leaves were showing 1895, the
Ottoman officer entered the fisherman's cafe near Eminönü Yemiş Pier, saying,
"Bre Yusuf, everybody has a big coffee from me, but not for the Greek
Palikaria who lives here. My coffee and akçem are forbidden for him."
Wise Yusuf offers coffee. Palikarya puts a coffee in
front of Stella. The minutes roared: "Didn't I tell him it was
forbidden?"Yusuf Bilge never spoils his hoard: "Commander, that
coffee is from me. It is halal to him too."Stelyo gratefully looks at
Yusuf
Years pass. In 1905, the Greek Revolt started on Samos
Island. Damat Ferit Pasha brings soldiers to the island. Wise Yusuf is also a
soldier and is among those who came to the island. However, he is captured in
the first conflict. He lies in Samos dungeons for two years. After two years,
the Greek gangs put Yusuf for sale in the prisoner market. At the auction, a
voice rises among the sounds of 5 coins and 7 coins. "5 kurus for that
Turk. I'm getting it now!"
Yusuf is in disbelief and falls into the hands of the
Greek. He says, "Sir, who are you impure, why did you set me free?"
Rum tells at length. Returns to Yemiş pier 12 years ago.
It tells the day in detail. "Here is me, Stelyo, the fisherman with whom
you halal a cup of coffee."Silence prevails. The Greek takes Yusuf and
takes him out of the village with his car. He stops the carriage near the sea.
Doner Yusuf: He says, "You are free, Wise Yusuf".Tears flood. Stelyo
and Yusuf are together. Yusuf arrives in Istanbul illegally. This friendship continues
for 35 years. They visit each other every year. There is always a cup of coffee
at every visit. They tell their stories to their children and grandchildren.
And this friendship has spawned a saying: A cup of coffee has 40 years of sake.
THE TWO CUPS OF
COFFEE
One
day a philosophy professor comes to class with a few boxes in hand. When the
lesson starts, he puts a large mayonnaise jar in one of the boxes in the middle
of his lectern, without saying anything, and after filling it to the brim with
ping-pong balls, he asks the students whether the jar is full. The students say
in unison that the jar is full.
This
time the professor takes the two cups of coffee ready under the table and pours
it into the jar. Coffee also fills the gaps between the sand. The students
laugh!
The
professor says "Yes," in support of the laughter of his students. “I
tried to express that this jar symbolizes your life. Namely, these ping-pong
balls represent the things you care about in your life: your family, your
children, your health, your friends, and other things that matter to you. Even
if you lose other things, these important things remain and fill your life. ”
“Pebbles
are other things that are less important: your job, your home, your car… Sand
are other little things. If you fill the jar with sand first, there won't be
enough room for pebbles and especially ping-pong balls. The same is true in our
lives: if you waste your time and energy on small things, there will be no time
left for important things. "
“Turn
your attention to the things that matter to your happiness. Play with your
kids. Take care of your health. Go out to dinner with your partner. Meet the needs
of your home. First, place the ping-pong balls in the jar. Know how to rank the
priorities. The rest is always like sand. "
When
the professor's speech is over, a student asks curiously: "So what are
those two cups of coffee?"
The professor said with a laugh, “I was waiting for this question
No matter how full your life is, there is always room for a cup of coffee with friends and loved ones! ”
HOW WAS THE NUTRITION IN ÇATALHÖYÜK ?
Remains of plants and animals unearthed during new excavations at Çatalhöyük nutrition of Çatalhöyük human as a result of the study of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological yonden detailed information about its form and subsistence economy has been reached. Revealed in excavations examination of extracted plant remains, seeds and charred specimens, here emmer wheat of planted parent plants, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), without bark barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) is; as well as karaburchak, lentils, peas and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) are consumed, as well as peanuts from wild plants, wild plums (Prunus sp.), almonds (Amygdalus orientalis), small amounts of acorns (Quercus spp.), Hawthorn/pear (Maloideae-Crataegus / Pyrus) and commonly bird cherry to Central Anatolia it has shown the presence of remains belonging to Celtis tournefortii, an endemic species . Besides these, Juniper seeds (Juniperus sp.), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and caparia (Capparis spp.) also found in Çatalhöyük people Although it gives information about the plants they use in their nutrition, it is counted as the last whether Juniper, sumac and capers are consciously collected as food sources has not been concluded.
It was understood that the heat source used was dung in the layers of the Neolithic period without ceramics, which were the early stages of settlement, and then there was a more comprehensive system in which dung was used together with wood fuel an interesting point in its use is that dried tree branches were found among the charcoal samples, and when it was noticed that these were trees that grew at the height of the stream, it was concluded that dry branches collected from the banks of the stream were also used for fuel.
About 376 generations before today and about 150 generations before the HittitesSomeone lived in Anatolia, and they reached a certain maturity from a cultural point of view. Generationaccording to Ian Hodder, director of Çatalhöyük excavations, each generationFrom today, as it derives from the idea that it existed within a 25-year period.Our ancestors who lived in Çatalhöyük were our grandparents about 376 generations ago. Archaeozoologist N.Russell's his reviewas a result of eating and drinking relatedsome comments have also been made. These interpretationsaccording to Çatalhöyük Daily Mealmost of the meat needed for sheepit is achieved. As well as muttonextracted from the broken sheep bonesbone marrow is also beaten and boiled meatit was used to obtain water and oil.Special ceremoniesit is celebrated with a banquet and at these banquetspreferred meat large K pieceswild cattle and other wildanimals had meat and marrow.Except for the animals listed aboveGoose, duck, toy in Çatalhöyük faunaCrow and predator with waterfowl such as birdalthough it is understood that birds are hunted,bird remains are very rare in the settlement,in contrast, especially duck andquite a lot of goose eggsit appears to be consumed. Also, hunting is not only on landit is also made in the surrounding streams and lakes,and the freshwater creatures that live here.bone unearthed in excavations where it was huntedthanks to made fishing rod needlesit can be detected .Nutrients in Çatalhöyük, one of the oldest Neolithic cultures of Central Anatolia the issue of where and how they are cooked is also important. Primarily of volcanic origin of grainsrubstones made of basalt or andesite, which are rocks, are ground between and moreFigure 2.3after the excavation finds, where it was made into bread in kilns and quarries made of clayit can be easily said by looking. Here comes to mind a question: Çatalhöyükhow did he make bread? Or, in today's sense, yeast bread technologydid they know? The answer to this question cannot be easily given, but Mellaart's excavationsthen there is an interesting comment in the book he wrote. This comment was unearthed during the excavationit is related to Acorn pods. Ethnoarchaeological data, still Oak in Anatoliaacid from the Acorn capsule is used as a starter for making yogurt Mellaart also showed that dairy products may have been produced in the Neolithic Çatalhöyük is that interpretation .
The house in ÇatalhöyükIt is also worth mentioning the relationship between architecture and nutrition.A remarkable point here is a quality seen in the architecture of houses and related to nutrition.According to Hodder, in the southern parts of the houses discovered in the excavationthere is a domed kiln or January made of clay. This cut, the dirty area of housesÇatalhöyük people who have a tradition of burying the dead in the settlement, as they are considered to be,platforms in relatively clean areas across this section, that is, to the Northhe buries it under it. Here, as well as data on nutrition, Chatalhoyuk peopledata about the spirit world and the belief system also appear before archaeologists.Activities related to everyday life or faith with the earthly use of January and ovensits coexistence is remarkable. In Çatalhöyük, domed kilns made of clay and open hearths were found in the south of the Housein part, the ovens are adjacent to the wall, and the stoves are slightly larger than the wall to the Southclay balls believed to have been built far away, inside and on the sides, used for heatingwhere it is found. Those found near Ovens and stoves only collect clayis not. Storage pits in which grains and legumes are placed, such as sheep and goatsmade of terracotta with containers where oils obtained from small animals are storeddaily use containers have also been unearthed near January and ovens. Butthese pottery were not directly used in cooking, but instead clay heated in fireit is also determined that the balls are cooked by placing them in these containers. This typea cooking technique is also known from ethnological studies. Neolithic today
Most of the indigenous
people who lived in the era were cooking food, first angering the stones and
then making themit puts the water in a bowl to heat it, or spreads it over the
meat to heat it. For example,Tikopya natives living in Polynesia tease stones
on quarries while preparing a special meal.He then takes these stones out and
spreads them out in giant sizesthrowing away the leaves of a plant called
kulkas, it is essential to cook together with a grated bananaafter the food is
placed on these leaves, it is covered with leaves again and the oven is closedhe
creates and cooks food here with his own water .This typecompared to
ethnoarchaeological data, Çatalhöyük was made of clay instead of stoneit is
understood balls were used.As can be understood from the stories described
here, the origins of Anatolian culinary cultureIt is likely to be traced back
to the Neolithic Age. Today in Central or Eastern Anatoliawhen going to koye,
the above-mentioned clay ovens, open stoves, terracottacontainers made are
found. The traditional sanctity of the furnace and hearth and the Houseits
relationship is reflected in idioms and proverbs, and it can be found that
there are interesting links between the oven and January and socialization,
domestic culture and settled life. Family
quarry, home-January relationship, family table and in addition to concepts
such as January, “let the stove go out ” or “to the stove " is used as an
ilençphrases such as” planting figs " are the first ones that come to mind
in this regard. Another notable point it
is a tradition that the hearth is not extinguished, which has been associated
with the fire January since the Neolithic era, and burning the fire is not such
an easy task, it is also said in the Altay Turks “Hearth don't let it go
out!"it also explains why your wish is a good wish. Also, the same the
practice is also found after Islam, especially in Sufism. "Rest the stove”the
phrase used as follows:" in the language-I sect, the quarry it is not
called extinguish; it is called rest the stove. Burn the stove, it is not
called; Wake the stove is called”. (Saliha ALTIN Atatürk MTAL)
Fishing rod needles made of bone found in Çatalhöyük
Clay balls and quarries
Kaynak : Gastronomi Tarihi (2017) Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları Yayın No : 3213
Mardin Kasimiye Mad
As part of our project, my student Can explained the Christmas tree and its history.When Kasım, son of Cihangir, the ruler of Akkoyunlu, is appointed to Mardin, a feverish activity begins to repair the city.
he built this multi-purpose madrasah that crowns this selfless success and is able to survive to be made perfect until today. It is in the form of a complex with a two-story madrasa, mosque, and tomb on two terraces.
The Kasımiye Madrasah, which has a 700 years history is decorated with embroidery and corner smells pf knowledge and wisdom. Both religious and scientific sciences were practiced there.
These two sciences have confronted each other. There are symbols of astronomy and medical science on the walls of the madrasa. It is construction was started in the time of Artukoğulları. It was completed by Sultan Kasım, son of the Akkoyunlu ruler Cihangir. According to the rumors, Kasım Pasha was killed here. Kasımiye Madrasah iwan according to rumor when Kasım Pasha's sister, Kasım Pasha died, his bloody shirt was put on the walls of this iwan with laments and when water was poured on those walls, the traces of blood on the wall were still visible. It is said that the traces of blood on the walls belong to them.
Again, according to rumors, the water flowing in the pool in the courtyard of the madrasa conceals a Sufi depiction. With the flow of water, human life and its aftermath from birth to death is symbolized. The birth of the water coming out of the fountain, the youth of the place where it spilled, the maturity of the thin and long grooves and the gathering of the water in a pool represent death. Later, this water is transferred to the soil through channels and this water comes back to life from the soil.
PINE TREE -
As part of our project, my student Can explained the Christmas tree and its history.Presentation of Do you know these??? by pupil eTwinners
HOW WAS NUTRİTİON AT ÇATALHÖYÜK?
Büşra Asml (Saliha ALTIN) ATATÜRK MTAL
Remains of plants and animals unearthed during new excavations at Çatalhöyük nutrition of Çatalhöyük human as a result of the study of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological yonden detailed information about its form and subsistence economy has been reached. Revealed in excavations examination of extracted plant remains, seeds and charred specimens, here emmer wheat of planted parent plants, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), without bark barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) is; as well as karaburchak, lentils, peas and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) are consumed, as well as peanuts from wild plants, wild plums (Prunus sp.), almonds (Amygdalus orientalis), small amounts of acorns (Quercus spp.), Hawthorn/pear (Maloideae-Crataegus / Pyrus) and commonly bird cherry to Central Anatolia it has shown the presence of remains belonging to Celtis tournefortii, an endemic species . Besides these, Juniper seeds (Juniperus sp.), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and caparia (Capparis spp.) also found in Çatalhöyük people Although it gives information about the plants they use in their nutrition, it is counted as the last whether Juniper, sumac and capers are consciously collected as food sources has not been concluded.
They are all interesting informations. Thanks to everyone who wrote the informations.
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